Health and Wellness

How Your Spine Moves: Connecting the Planes of Motion (Part 2)

On the last blog How Your Spine Moves, we discussed the three directions of spinal movement, and the importance of regular movement. It is great to be aware of these three movements, and know how to incorporate them into your life and daily practices.

Recall that the planes of movement are flexion & extension, side bending (right and left), and rotation (right and left). 

Although it is helpful to understand these movements individually, note that these movements do not happen in isolation, but rather our movement is typically moving in some combination of flexion/extension, side bending, and rotation. Our bodies move in patterns, rather than in a series of isolated movements. This speaks to the importance of practicing moving in a variety of directions, feeling the different shapes your spine can make. 

Connecting the Planes into 3D Movement

From the hands and knees position, making circles with the spine is a great way to dynamically move through all three planes. This movement is more advanced than single plane movements, and it may take some time and practice to find ease with this pattern. With a keen awareness of an imaginary light from your tailbone, draw circles with that light on the wall behind you. Be sure to switch directions every so often! Just remember it doesn’t have to be perfect. Now that you can make circles, what other shapes can you make?

Another option for three dimensional movement would be making circles with your thigh, as demonstrated in this video. Engaging in these movements is an opportunity for you to feel and sense yourself without judgment, rather than trying to “achieve” something.

The bias towards one-dimensional movement

Just as our life can be biased towards movement involving forward flexion, our movement and exercise routines can also be biased in this way. If all of our movement practice involves moving primarily in one plane (e.g. the sagittal plane), we can sell ourselves short. While strength training machines at the gym can be very helpful for developing strength and muscle mass, they are typically constricted into one  of the above described planes and thereby restrict our spine’s ability to move three dimensionally. 

To be clear, we believe that strength training machines are brilliant at isolating muscles and enhancing overall conditioning. But the downside is that our nervous system, the little woman or the little guy in the control room of our brain gets more and more biased to think in terms of isolated movements rather than whole body patterns.   

Think of throwing a ball and only moving your arm, rather than your whole body. Contrast that with turning first, flinging the arm back in the direction we are turning and then reversing the whole movement so that the arm is like a whip sending the ball so much further without strain on any one particular joint. Knowing how to integrate the movements of your body into three-dimensional patterns will improve the efficiency of your movement and thereby decrease the likelihood of strain and injury. 

At the Wellness Station, we will teach you how your spine moves, and help you to expand your movement repertoire. We will encourage you to get involved in a regular movement practice that will include three-dimensional movements of your spine, such as Feldenkrais or yoga classes. Supporting the health and movement capacity of your spine will help you find a greater sense of ease and comfort in your body, while preparing you for successful participation in the unpredictable demands of life. 

Written by Jacob Tyson, DPT - Physical Therapist, Yoga Instructor and The Wellness Station Team

Images:

  1. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spinesurgeon.com.au%2Fneurological-conditions%2Fspinal-surgery&psig=AOvVaw1cR2yPGJlY__e7DqKibuS6&ust=1677780778812000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA8QjRxqFwoTCJiq2syqu_0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAI 

  2. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tummee.com%2Fyoga-poses%2Fcat-and-cow%2Fvariations&psig=AOvVaw01QOZd89SUev_BoU5osGIX&ust=1676918615949000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA8QjRxqGAoTCOjLquWeov0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABDaAQ 

  3. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.goldsgym.com%2Fblog%2Fresistance-machines-progression-start-fundamental-movements%2F&psig=AOvVaw3Zln6XMfT2t91HnqXo4M-r&ust=1677780938684000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA8QjRxqFwoTCICin5mru_0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAF 

  4. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Ffigure%2FThe-different-phases-of-throwing-in-handball-a-Run-up-b-wind-up-c-Early-cocking_fig1_325067365&psig=AOvVaw23UlDAicMKv-R42nc4WtVG&ust=1677779784570000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA8QjRxqFwoTCLjo1fKmu_0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAJ 

Movement, Physical Activity, & Exercise: Comparing and Contrasting

The terms movement, physical activity, and exercise are all related but have key differences that can be helpful to understand.

There are no clear boundaries between these terms, and a lot of the differences are semantic or contextual. Generally speaking, movement is the broadest umbrella category, physical activity is a form of movement, and exercise is a structured form of physical activity (see fig 1).

Every single one of us living organisms perform movement, although plants are not mobile, in that they do not move from one place to the other. They grow and move in response to the environment, typically through sensors that detect light and temperature. Those with a central nervous system, such as humans, likely developed our brains in order to become mobile. Movement allows us to seek novel environments, escape predators, seek food and shelter, procreate, and more.

As humans, our highly developed brains have bestowed on us a keen sense of self-awareness, which allows us not only to move but also to be aware of our movements, and consciously change our movement based on the situation and environment, as well as our goals and intentions. With this comes the ability to be aware of the quantity and quality of the physical activities in our lives, and to intentionally participate in exercise.

Figure 1

Exercise is a form of physical activity, but all physical activity is not necessarily exercise, unless you want it to be!

This difference is blurry, and involves self-awareness and mindset. Physical activity is defined as any movement of the body that requires energy expenditure, typically beyond the energy expenditure that would happen at rest. Even when we are lying down, sitting and relaxing, there is movement happening based on our position changes, baseline neuromuscular activity, and breathing. Once the energy expenditure increases beyond baseline, it can be considered physical activity. This could be as simple as standing up and  walking around, and could also include household chores, using the stairs, or hobbies such as gardening, painting, and playing an instrument. Exercise on the other hand is generally considered to be a physical activity that is planned, structured, and is carried out for a specific purpose, such as for the physical and/or mental health benefits (improved aerobic capacity, muscle strength, balance, bone density, mood boost, weight loss, and more). 

In our current state of affairs, intentional exercise has become extremely necessary to counteract the conveniences of modern life in which we are living less variable and more sedentary lifestyles. We are spending more time inside interacting in a two-dimensional world (screens), driving everywhere instead of walking, working sedentary desk jobs, and eating hyper-palatable processed foods that are delivered to us on a silver platter. Compare this to the lives of our ancestors who lived within the context of a natural environment, hunted and gathered their own foods, walked to all destinations, and performed physically demanding daily tasks that were not buffered by the technological advancements of our times. We have to intentionally exercise to maintain and improve our health and fitness. Because of this, for many, exercise has become a chore, a checklist item that we should be doing. 

Achieving Optimal Health and a more Joyful Life

How can we change our mindset to seamlessly bring about greater health benefits from what we are already doing?

One way is to recognize the physical activity that you are already getting in your life, and get excited about the health benefits that it can bring about! Taking the stairs? What a great opportunity to tune into your body mechanics and develop strong legs to support your joints. Gardening? Think of all the strength and mobility you can develop from all of that squatting, bending and lifting. Doing chores? An excellent way to sneak in some low intensity aerobic activity. Better yet, play some fun music while you do the chores to help feel some rhythm in your body. 

But why would changing mindset make any difference?

Considering these daily tasks to be exercise might help to promote a greater attentiveness to your body during these activities, and can also promote confidence in your ability to be an active person. Benefits can also occur via the placebo effect, meaning that simply by believing that what we are doing is helpful, it will become more helpful!

Consider Langer’s (2007) study, in which a group of 84 hotel maids were assessed on physiological variables that can be affected by exercise. Most of the maids did not intentionally exercise outside of their jobs, and believed that they did not get nearly enough exercise based on the recommendations for health benefits. The researchers split the maids into two groups, an experimental and a control. The experimental group was educated on how their jobs were extremely physically active, and they were actually getting more than the daily recommended amount of exercise for an active lifestyle, whereas the control group was not given this information. After four weeks, the physiological measures were reassessed, and while the actual behavior did not change, the experimental group experienced statistically significant improvements in blood pressure, weight, body fat, waist-hip ratio and more. Simply by believing that what they were doing was helping their health, their physiology actually changed.

In addition to recognizing that what we are already doing can be beneficial, consider questioning your relationship with exercise further. If exercise is a chore that you have to make yourself do, it is crucial to flip the switch. You might even forget the word exercise if it brings about a negative reaction within you. Find a physical activity that you truly enjoy, regardless of whether you feel like you should or should not be doing it. Remember that movement is what makes us alive, and choosing to move is what makes us human. Move just for the sake of moving, which is the best gift you can give to your entire self.

At the Wellness Station, you might have noticed that your practitioner probably does not tell you to exercise more, as that language could perpetuate the you should be doing this narrative. Rather, we encourage clientele to develop a positive relationship with movement through intentional practices as well as a lifestyle that is biased towards being more physically active. 

Written by Jacob Tyson, DPT - Physical Therapist, Yoga Instructor and The Wellness Station Team

References:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17425538/

Reversals: What and Why?

Reversibility is the ability to stop, start, and change the direction of a motion at any point in time.

According to Moshe Feldenkrais, the ability to perform reversals is a key indicator of well-organized, refined movement. When performing a movement, consider your ability to turn around and go the other direction, pause, or do something else. When our reversibility is impaired, it indicates a lack of freedom to change our minds or to respond to changing circumstances. This can be evident in certain functional movements: can we sit down in a chair or get on the floor slow and controlled, or is there a plop? When attempting to change the direction of a movement (e.g. pelvic clock circles), are we able to find a flow or is there jerkiness and incoordination? Can we walk backwards? 

Reversibility is not just a movement, but a state of existence.

Our ability to be spontaneous, go with the flow, adapt, maintain presence and freedom of choice. An ability to perform reversals indicates that we are not moving on autopilot, but have a keen sense of what and how we are doing something in the present moment. When we reverse, we are traveling the same territory but from a flipped perspective. In the muscular system, what primarily for a particular muscle or muscles has been a concentric action (muscle shortening under tension) will become an eccentric action (muscle lengthening under tension). As mentioned above, “sit to stand” is a concentric action, and “standing to sitting” is an eccentric action. When we purposefully choose to reverse, it provokes the cognitive process of attentiveness, comparing and contrasting. This is one of the key requirements for learning.

When we use movement to enhance our learning, the quality of our lives can expand.

As we go through life, there may be a gradual tendency towards settling into our habitual patterns, and an associated loss of spontaneity, functional mobility, and options for how we move and engage with ourselves and the world around us. We may not be able to respond as quickly to the demands of the situation, like needing to step back quickly to avoid an oncoming vehicle while crossing the street. Or we may lose the agility required to turn around when we forgot our keys, and instead of taking one step backwards, we may need to take several small steps to turn ourselves around. The person who has difficulty with these reversals is much more vulnerable to falling when they do have to turn around quickly. Practicing reversals helps us learn more about how we move, and can expand our movement repertoire so we have more options available to us. We certainly do not want our only option to be able to plop down into a chair each time, rather than gracefully descending in any way we choose. Reversals are a key requirement for developing and improving balance, agility, neuromuscular control, and eccentric strength. In fact, dynamic balancing is essentially reversals in action.

Practicing reversals

Walking backwards

Walking backwards is a task that may have originally been easy, but perhaps can become impaired over time. If unsteadiness is present, perform this practice next to the kitchen counter or back of the sofa to have something to hold on to as needed.

Simply start by walking forwards slowly, paying attention to how your body moves, how the feet make contact with the ground, etc. Then, reverse it. Walk backwards, comparing and contrasting this experience to walking forwards. 

Check out this article that dives into the health benefits of walking backwards.

Focus on the eccentric

Bring attention to the lowering component of a movement, whether this is in strength training or daily life.

A simple example is to practice standing up from a chair, paying attention to how you do this. Then, try to sit down the same way in reverse, challenging yourself to lower down slowly. Compare and contrast the process of standing and sitting in terms of the mechanics of the movement as well as the sensory experience.

If strength training is part of your routine, pay attention to the lowering movement such as the descent into a squat, the lower of the weight during a bicep curl, or the lowering of your chest towards the ground during a push up. Try to refine the control of the movement, with the ability to slow it down, pause it at any moment, or reverse the movement at any point in time. Also, in a safe manner, practice some reversals quickly, because sometimes that is what life demands!

Yoga Transitions

If yoga is part of your routine, tune in to the transition between two poses.

A simple example is cat and cow, which involves reversing between spinal flexion and extension. Tune in to the exact moment of transition, and explore reversing the movement at different speeds, and at different phases of the motion (e.g. can you do the cat cow in slow motion, and switch between cat and cow through variety of ranges, rather than going all the way into the full expression of cat pose before transitioning into cow?)

This can be applied to any transition in yoga (or life off the mat). Get creative with it- pick any two yoga poses, and explore a variety of transitions between the two shapes.

Explore Your Own

Enhance your sense of spontaneity and exploration by bringing reversals into your daily life.

Perhaps make up a dance move. Practice the move again and again. Then, try reversing the move, as if someone recorded you and played it in rewind. Or, take an everyday task. Reaching for a glass. Can you pause as you reach, and reverse it? Repeat this, reversing the movement at various stages of the reach.

Notice if this brings any greater sense of awareness of your movement and ability to choose different options for how to reach for something. And notice how much more confident you will be crossing a street when an unexpected vehicle requires you to take a very quick step backwards.

Written by Jacob Tyson, DPT - Physical Therapist, Yoga Instructor and The Wellness Station Team

Chaos Vs. Rigidity: Finding Your Balance

All of us live our lives on a spectrum between chaos and rigidity. Some of us tend to live more in a state of chaos and constant change, while others tend to live with more rigidity and stagnation. If our life is overly chaotic, we may live in a constant state of fear, anxiety, hyperactivity, and reactivity. On the other hand, if we are too far on the rigid end of the spectrum, we may become inflexible, resistant to helpful changes, and even close-minded. We might have certain contexts within our lives that are towards one extreme or the other- chaos in our work life, rigidity in our home life, or vice versa. Perhaps we subconsciously bring structure and rigidity into one aspect of our lives, such as our fitness routine, in order to balance the chaos and unpredictability within other aspects of our life. 

Daniel Siegel, M.D., described this spectrum in his book Whole-Brain Child. Because living on either end of the spectrum can be problematic, it is important to find integration, or a harmonious place somewhere in between rigidity and chaos. This finding of balance can be described by considering floating down a river in a canoe. On one side of the river, there is no flow, only still stagnant water. This side represents rigidity- it is safe and predictable, but unfulfilling and devoid of energy. On the other side is white rapids, rocks, and dangerous currents. This side represents chaos, overwhelm, constant change and even danger. In this extreme, we can lose our footing and get lost without any sense of control. A good place to be is the center of the river. This area is a system that has flow and energy, while still allowing us to maintain a sense of control. This allows us to explore, experience new things, learn and grow. How can we find this in our lives?

It is important for anyone to practice self-study, which in yogic philosophy is known as “svadhyaya” (sva meaning “own” or “self”, adhyaya meaning “lesson” or “study”). Can you feel when you are moving more towards a state of chaos, or stagnating into rigidity and mindless repetition? Our emotional state can be an excellent barometer of where we are at. In the middle of the two extremes we find a state of flow, in which we experience the most joy, discovery, and creativity. We should all seek to build a resilient self in which we are strong and stable, but also adaptable, flexible, and open to positive change. 

Our self-care and movement practices are excellent strategies to direct ourselves towards this state of balance. The low hanging fruit is… are we taking care of ourselves? Are we sufficient in sleep, nutrition, hydration, movement, relaxation, and social connection? What are we doing a little too much of, and what are we doing not enough of? Within the context of our movement practice, we can find even greater finesse.

Consider the following: 

During many functional movements, we have to find a balance between mobility and stability, which can be likened to chaos and rigidity, respectively. Our hips are essential for providing mobility (ability to move in all directions) and also stability (ability to maintain or control joint position). If our hip has too much mobility and not enough stability, our movement would be out of control (chaos). If we have too much stability and not enough mobility, our movement would be stiff and inefficient (rigidity). The middle of the river is an excellent place to be, which allows us to move with both fluidity and strength. 

Consider the examples of unilateral movements in our previous blog. The single leg stand to reverse lunge is an example of how the weight-bearing leg must stabilize, but also allow for controlled movement to occur. A similar phenomenon happens every time we walk, go up stairs, and even kick a ball. Our weight-bearing leg must provide stability so we do not fall or strain our tissues, while also allowing our pelvis to move relative to our thigh bone, so we can move and participate in life. Consider this “movement snack”. Can you feel how the weight-bearing leg is controlling the movement with a balance between mobility and stability? When the stabilizing leg is well organized for mobility, that is referred to as skilled movement, and is a necessary component for moving with efficiency and ease. 

At the Wellness Station, we will help you become more in tune with your natural rhythms, and provide opportunities to help you find your balance between chaos and rigidity. 

Written by Jacob Tyson, DPT - Physical Therapist, Yoga Instructor and The Wellness Station Team

Walking Your Way to Better Health

It’s no secret that walking is good for you.

A natural and low impact activity that helps us connect more deeply to ourselves, others, and the world around us. Walking has been shown time and time again to boast some magnificent health benefits. The benefits tend to rise and peak around 10,000 steps per day, but any amount of walking is infinitely better than none. Research studies have demonstrated that regular walking can reduce the risk of heart disease, cancer, dementia, hypertension, and much more. It can also boost mood and mental health, bone density, balance, and aerobic fitness. Walking is great for your brain! Especially when done in new places, walking can promote neuroplasticity, bringing about remodeling in the white matter of our brain. This remodeling can improve memory, spatial awareness, and other higher level cognitive functions. When you combine a regular walking practice with a healthful diet rich in plants, social engagement, high quality sleep, and living true to your ikigai, you have found the fountain of youth.

If walking is so great for us, why aren’t we doing more of it? Many people may face significant barriers when it comes to walking. Some barriers may be environmental. Perhaps not living close to any safe walking areas, but rather an inner city with spotty side walks and heavy traffic. Or, perhaps it’s the weather. Many of us become Goldilocks when it comes to the temperature. Maybe it’s simply a lack of motivation. “I don’t feel like it.” “I don’t have the time.” Most commonly in physical therapy, the barriers are pain, as well as balance or mobility issues. Regardless of the barriers, it is important to become aware of them and address them accordingly.

For many of the barriers, it can be helpful to shift away from an “all or nothing” mindset. Many people feel like if they are going to walk, it has to be a long walk, and it has to be every day. Otherwise, what’s the point? The barriers become too great and instead, we end up not walking at all. A better strategy would be to find the middle ground between the all or nothing. How can I walk today? Can I sneak in five minutes after eating lunch and before my next meeting? Can I park farther away and take the stairs? Can I walk while I talk on the phone or listen to my audiobook? Perhaps if a long daily walk is daunting, set small realistic goals instead.

No matter how short the walk is, finding consistency in a routine is far more important than the actual distance walked. Perfect is the enemy of good.

Significant barriers to a regular walking practice as mentioned previously are challenges with pain, mobility and balance. At the Wellness Station, we can work together to figure out ways to get you walking without being limited by these challenges. Some factors to consider might be frequency and duration of walks, as well as implementing more rest breaks into walking. Or perhaps a mobility device can help take stress off certain joints or improve the ability to maintain balance while walking. Activity modifications can help decrease the barriers to a regular walking practice to help us get moving more regularly and with greater confidence.

Oftentimes, the movement patterns that we have developed can actually be limiting factors to the quality of our gait, which can contribute to pain and dysfunction. We learned how to walk once- we can learn some new ways! Relearning new motor patterns might start with a simple awareness practice.

Consider the following practice, perhaps walking around inside:

As you walk, pay attention to your footstep. Some things to be aware of are… “How do my feet make contact with the ground?” “What is my foot print like on each foot?” “How heavy or light is my step?” “How long is my step length?” “How wide is my step from right to left?” This awareness can be applied to many other aspects of the gait cycle and body parts which may include attention to the knees, pelvis, hips, spine, rib cage, shoulders, and head.

After becoming aware of the way in which you are walking, it is time to explore some changes. There are infinite ways to bring about changes into the mechanics of gait. Here are some examples:

  • Slow walking. Simply change the speed of your walking to notice what it is like to walk in slow motion

  • Walking in different directions. What is it like to walk backwards, or from side to side?

  • Strut like you mean it. Introduce a fluid glide in your hips as you walk, and allow your arms to swing with your opposite leg. 

As you explore some variations in your walking, it is important to not play “fix it” with your body. There is no “right” or “wrong” way to walk, simply more options. As body detectives, throughout the therapeutic experience it is our job to find options that are more comfortable, thereby allowing us to sustain a healthy and active lifestyle. 

Written by Jacob Tyson, DPT - Physical Therapist, Yoga Instructor and The Wellness Station Team

References:

  1. https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/12/health/walking-cancer-heart-early-death-wellness/index.html

  2. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/14/well/move/exercise-walking-brain-memory.html